Quality Assurance and Control Methods for Serial Production of Superconducting RF Cavities Assembled in Cryomodules
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2021
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Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences
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Creative commons license
Abstract
The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (E-XFEL) jest infrastrukturą naukową z jednym z najdłuższych akceleratorów liniowych na świecie. Infrastruktura ta rozpościera się na długości 1.7 km, pomiędzy ośrodkiem Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) w Hamburgu i landem Schleswig-Holstein. Głównymi elementami jej akceleratora liniowego są kriomoduły. Kriomoduły E-XFELa składają się z 8 nadprzewodzących wnęk rezonansowych pracujących na 1.3 GHz.
Jednym z głównych wyzwań w takcie początkowej fazy tego projektu były testy kwalifikacyjne komponentów akceleratora. Testy te zostały przeprowadzone dla 800 wnęk i 100 kriomodułów produkowanych seryjnie, jak również dla 3 prototypowych. Testy kriomodułów dzieliły się na dwie grupy. Pierwsza grupa była wykonywana z użyciem wektorowego analizatora obwodów (VNA), aby zmierzyć mody fundamentalne i wyższych harmonicznych. Druga grupa testów była wykonywana z użyciem dużej mocy RF, tj. z wykorzystaniem impulsowych wzmacniaczy tzw. klistronów. Celem tych pomiarów było walidowanie parametrów wnęk rezonansowych, tj. gradientu akceleracji oraz dobroci własnej wnęk.
W tej pracy zaprezentowano metody kontroli jakości dla seryjnie produkowanych wnęk rezonansowych zainstalowanych w kriomodułów. Autor niniejszej pracy brał udział w optymalizacji testów wnęk oraz implementacji automatycznego oprogramowania pomiarowego. Głównym efektem tej pracy była minimalizacja błędów ludzkich, która umożliwiła przeprowadzenie testów zgodnie z harmonogramem.
The longest linear accelerators reach the length of a few kilometres. One of them is a part of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (E-XFEL) infrastructure, starting from Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) facility in Hamburg and ending in the next land Schleswig-Holstein. The E-XFEL total length is 1.7 km and the nominal electron beam energy is 17.5 GeV. The main elements of the E-XFEL linear accelerator are accelerating cryomodules. The E-XFEL cryomodule consists of 8 Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities operating at the resonant frequency of 1.3 GHz. One of the challenges of the initial phase of the E-XFEL project was the qualification tests of accelerating components. The qualification tests were performed for 800 cavities and 100 serial-production cryomodules as well as 3 pre-series cryomodules. The cryomodule tests consisted of low and high power groups of Radio Frequency measurements. The first group of measurements was performed with the use of the Vector Network Analyzer to measure the Fundamental Modes and Higher Order Modes. The second group of measurements was performed with the high power, namely with the use of the pulsed power amplifiers (klystrons). The aim of these measurements was to validate the cavities nominal parameters: the accelerating gradient and the own quality factor. In this dissertation the quality assurance and control methods for serial production of SRF cavities assembled in cryomodules is presented. The author’s contribution to this work was realized by the optimization of the testing methodology and implementation of the automated software for the E-XFEL project. The main profits from this work was assuring the repeatability of measurements by minimizing of human’s errors, which resulted in keeping of the project’s deadlines.
The longest linear accelerators reach the length of a few kilometres. One of them is a part of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (E-XFEL) infrastructure, starting from Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) facility in Hamburg and ending in the next land Schleswig-Holstein. The E-XFEL total length is 1.7 km and the nominal electron beam energy is 17.5 GeV. The main elements of the E-XFEL linear accelerator are accelerating cryomodules. The E-XFEL cryomodule consists of 8 Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities operating at the resonant frequency of 1.3 GHz. One of the challenges of the initial phase of the E-XFEL project was the qualification tests of accelerating components. The qualification tests were performed for 800 cavities and 100 serial-production cryomodules as well as 3 pre-series cryomodules. The cryomodule tests consisted of low and high power groups of Radio Frequency measurements. The first group of measurements was performed with the use of the Vector Network Analyzer to measure the Fundamental Modes and Higher Order Modes. The second group of measurements was performed with the high power, namely with the use of the pulsed power amplifiers (klystrons). The aim of these measurements was to validate the cavities nominal parameters: the accelerating gradient and the own quality factor. In this dissertation the quality assurance and control methods for serial production of SRF cavities assembled in cryomodules is presented. The author’s contribution to this work was realized by the optimization of the testing methodology and implementation of the automated software for the E-XFEL project. The main profits from this work was assuring the repeatability of measurements by minimizing of human’s errors, which resulted in keeping of the project’s deadlines.
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